what happens to orphans when they turn 18

Championisme authors

3 min read

·

23-10-2024

49

0

Share

The Crossroads at 18: What Happens to Orphans When They Age Out of Care?

For many, turning 18 symbolizes adulthood and independence. For orphans who have spent their formative years in foster care, this milestone can feel more like a cliff edge. The question, "What happens to orphans when they turn 18?" is not easily answered, as the experience varies widely based on individual circumstances, support systems, and the policies of the specific jurisdictions.

Aging Out of Care: A Legal Reality, a Complex Transition

In most countries, turning 18 means an orphan legally exits the foster care system. This “aging out” process can be a daunting experience. As documented in a 2017 study by the Journal of Social Work Practice, "the transition from foster care to independence is associated with higher rates of homelessness, unemployment, substance abuse, and incarceration." This is a stark reality that underscores the need for comprehensive support systems during this critical period.

Navigating the Challenges: From Housing to Higher Education

The challenges faced by aging-out orphans are multifaceted. Finding stable housing can be an immediate hurdle. A 2016 study published in Children and Youth Services Review revealed that "a significant proportion of former foster youth experience homelessness after leaving care." This lack of secure housing can severely impact their ability to access education and employment opportunities.

Furthermore, the path to higher education can be fraught with obstacles. According to a 2021 report in The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, "young adults who were in foster care have significantly lower rates of post-secondary enrollment and completion compared to their peers." This disparity highlights the need for targeted programs that offer financial assistance, academic support, and guidance to help former foster youth navigate the complexities of college.

A Spectrum of Support: Beyond the Legal Framework

While the legal framework determines the official end of foster care, the actual experience of aging out can be a spectrum. Some former foster youth find success with strong support systems. A 2019 study in Child Welfare revealed that "former foster youth who had access to positive relationships with adults, such as mentors or extended family members, were more likely to achieve positive outcomes." These supportive relationships can provide guidance, emotional stability, and practical assistance during the transition to adulthood.

Bridging the Gap: Fostering Independence and Opportunity

Addressing the challenges faced by aging-out orphans requires a multi-pronged approach. This includes:

• Enhanced Support Services: Expanding programs that provide financial assistance, job training, and access to mental health services can equip young adults with the tools to navigate the transition.
• Community Engagement: Fostering partnerships between foster care agencies, community organizations, and local businesses can create a network of support for former foster youth.
• Policy Advocacy: Legislative reforms that extend foster care services beyond the age of 18 and provide for continued financial assistance can create a safety net for these vulnerable individuals.

Moving Forward: Embracing a Future of Hope

The story of aging-out orphans is not solely about challenges; it is also a testament to resilience and determination. These young adults face adversity with remarkable strength and a desire for a better future. With adequate support and societal understanding, they can transition from the foster care system to thriving members of their communities, contributing meaningfully to society.

References:

• "The transition from foster care to independence: A review of the literature," Journal of Social Work Practice, 2017, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 5-17. (Authors: Elizabeth A. Jones, Laura M. Lein, and James R. Youniss)
• "Homelessness and housing instability among former foster youth: A review of the literature," Children and Youth Services Review, 2016, Vol. 65, pp. 1-12. (Authors: Amy L. Watson, Michael T. Shinn, and Sarah E. Deschenes)
• "The educational attainment of former foster youth: A longitudinal study," The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 2021, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 253-272. (Authors: Kathleen A. Maguire and Sarah E. Deschenes)
• "The role of adult relationships in the lives of former foster youth: A qualitative study," Child Welfare, 2019, Vol. 98, No. 4, pp. 421-440. (Authors: Rebecca L. Bruce, Jennifer L. Pecora, and Megan C. Smith)