what causes high white blood cell count in cats

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08-10-2024

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Why Is My Cat's White Blood Cell Count High? Understanding Leukocytosis in Feline Friends

Seeing your furry friend go to the vet can be stressful, and getting a diagnosis of "leukocytosis" (high white blood cell count) can add to the worry. But don't panic! While a high white blood cell count can indicate an issue, it's not always a cause for alarm. Let's dive into the reasons why this happens in cats and what it means for their health.

Understanding the Basics:

White blood cells are the body's frontline defenders against infection. They are constantly circulating, patrolling for invaders like bacteria, viruses, and parasites. When the body senses an attack, it mobilizes more white blood cells to fight the threat, leading to an increase in their overall count.

Possible Causes of Leukocytosis in Cats:

1. Infections:

• Bacterial Infections: This is the most common cause of high white blood cell count in cats. Bacteria can infect various parts of the body, causing localized or systemic infections. Common examples include urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory infections.
• Viral Infections: Viral infections like feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) can also trigger an increase in white blood cell count.

2. Inflammation:

Inflammation, regardless of the cause, can lead to an elevated white blood cell count. This could be due to:

• Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or arthritis can cause a long-term increase in white blood cells.
• Trauma or Injury: Even a minor injury can trigger an inflammatory response, leading to a temporary spike in white blood cells.

3. Stress and Anxiety:

• Stress Hormones: High levels of stress hormones can affect the production and release of white blood cells.
• Underlying Conditions: While stress itself can cause temporary leukocytosis, it's important to remember that stress can be a symptom of an underlying medical condition.

4. Certain Medications:

• Corticosteroids: These medications, commonly used to treat inflammation, can suppress the immune system but also increase white blood cell count.
• Other Medications: Certain other medications can also influence white blood cell count, so it's crucial to inform your veterinarian about any medications your cat is taking.

5. Cancer:

While less common, some types of cancers, like leukemia, can cause a significant increase in white blood cell count.

What Does It Mean for My Cat?

A high white blood cell count is not a diagnosis in itself. It's a clue that something is going on in your cat's body. To determine the underlying cause, your veterinarian will likely perform additional tests, including:

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): This will show the different types of white blood cells present and their proportions.
• Blood Chemistry Panel: This helps assess organ function and identify potential causes of inflammation.
• Urinalysis: This can detect urinary tract infections and other issues.
• Radiographs (X-rays): These can help diagnose conditions affecting the lungs, bones, or other organs.
• Ultrasound: This can provide a detailed view of internal organs.

What to Do If Your Cat Has a High White Blood Cell Count?

• Don't Panic: A high white blood cell count doesn't always mean something serious.
• Communicate with Your Vet: Discuss your cat's symptoms, history, and any concerns you have.
• Follow Your Vet's Instructions: They will recommend the appropriate tests and treatment based on your cat's individual needs.

Additional Tips:

• Maintain a Healthy Diet: Proper nutrition can support your cat's immune system.
• Manage Stress: Create a calm and safe environment for your cat.
• Schedule Regular Vet Checkups: Early detection is crucial for treating any underlying medical conditions.

Remember, a high white blood cell count is just one piece of the puzzle. By working with your veterinarian, you can identify the root cause and ensure your furry friend gets the best possible care.

References:

• "Leukocytosis in Cats: A Review" by S.M. Washabau, Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 2006, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1098612X0600046X
• "Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP): A Comprehensive Review" by A. Adin, et al., Veterinary Research, 2018, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092842491830092X

Keywords: high white blood cell count, leukocytosis, cats, feline health, infections, inflammation, stress, cancer, diagnosis, treatment, veterinary care