pigeon fever in horses

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14-10-2024

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Pigeon Fever in Horses: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Pigeon fever, also known as equine ulcerative lymphangitis, is a bacterial infection that primarily affects horses. While the name sounds innocuous, pigeon fever can be a serious and debilitating illness if left untreated. This article will delve into the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of pigeon fever in horses.

What is Pigeon Fever?

Pigeon fever is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. This bacteria typically enters the horse's body through an open wound or cut, although ingestion of contaminated feed or water is also possible.

How Does Pigeon Fever Spread?

The exact mechanisms of transmission are still being studied, but here's what we know so far:

• Environmental Transmission: The bacteria can survive in the environment for some time, making it possible for horses to become infected through contact with contaminated soil, water, or feed.
• Fly Transmission: Flies are known to carry the bacteria, and they can spread the infection to horses by landing on open wounds or mucous membranes.

What are the Symptoms of Pigeon Fever?

The symptoms of pigeon fever vary depending on the severity of the infection. Here are some of the most common signs:

• Abscesses: The most characteristic symptom is the formation of abscesses, especially in the chest, abdomen, and hindquarters. These abscesses can be painful and may cause swelling and heat.
• Swollen Lymph Nodes: The lymph nodes in the affected area may also become swollen.
• Fever: Horses with pigeon fever often have a high fever.
• Lethargy: Affected horses may appear lethargic and have a loss of appetite.
• Lameness: If the abscesses are located in the legs or feet, the horse may become lame.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of pigeon fever is typically based on the clinical signs and the presence of abscesses. A veterinarian can also perform a culture of the pus from an abscess to confirm the presence of the bacteria.

Treatment of pigeon fever typically involves:

• Antibiotics: Antibiotics are used to treat the bacterial infection.
• Drainage of Abscesses: Abscesses may need to be drained to relieve pressure and promote healing.
• Pain Relief: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used to relieve pain.
• Supportive Care: Horses with pigeon fever may require supportive care, such as intravenous fluids, to maintain hydration and nutrition.

Preventing Pigeon Fever

While there is no vaccine for pigeon fever, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk of your horse contracting this disease:

• Keep Wounds Clean and Dry: Clean and disinfect any wounds promptly.
• Control Flies: Use fly control measures such as fly traps, fly sprays, and stable management practices to reduce fly populations.
• Maintain Proper Hygiene: Wash your hands thoroughly after handling horses, and avoid sharing equipment.
• Monitor for Early Signs: Be aware of the symptoms of pigeon fever and contact your veterinarian immediately if you notice any of these signs.

Conclusion

Pigeon fever is a serious bacterial infection that can affect horses. While the symptoms can vary, abscess formation is a hallmark sign. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a successful outcome. Taking preventative measures, such as keeping wounds clean and controlling fly populations, can significantly reduce the risk of your horse contracting pigeon fever.

Further Information

For more information on pigeon fever, consult your veterinarian or the following sources:

• Merck Veterinary Manual: https://www.merckvetmanual.com/
• The American Association of Equine Practitioners: https://aaep.org/

Note: This article has been written for informational purposes only and should not be considered as a substitute for professional veterinary advice. If you suspect your horse has pigeon fever, contact a veterinarian immediately.